Vivian S. Lee is an American radiologist and health care executive. A Senior Fellow at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in Cambridge, Massachusetts and an NIH-funded investigator at the University of Utah, she is a member of the Commonwealth Fund Board of Directors, the JAMA Journal Oversight Committee, and the Society of Medical Administrators.
Raised in Norman, Oklahoma and trained in biomedical engineering and medicine, Lee established an NIH-funded research program in magnetic resonance imaging at NYU. She was elected Fellow of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) in 2006 and served as the President in 2008-2009. For her scientific discoveries, she was elected to the American Society of Clinical Investigation and the National Academy of Medicine.
Among her leadership roles in academic medicine, Lee served as the inaugural Chief Scientific Officer and Vice Dean for Science at NYU Langone Medical Center, and prior to that as the Vice-Chair for Research in the Department of Radiology. For six years, she served as the CEO of University of Utah Health, Dean of the University of Utah School of Medicine and senior vice-president for health sciences of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. During her tenure as Dean, she was elected to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Council of Deans Administrative Board. She is also a member of the advisory boards of the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Lee has studied the management and improvement of health care, with an emphasis on data measurement and feedback to create learning health systems and her work has demonstrated the virtuous cycle of improved patient-centeredness, higher quality with better outcomes, and lower costs.
She is married to international legal scholar Benedict Kingsbury.Lee also serves on the Board of Directors of the American Association of Rhodes Scholars, and is also a Director of Zions Bancorporation and Merrimack Pharmaceuticals.
Video Vivian Lee
Education and Training
A U.S. Presidential Scholar and National Merit Scholar, Lee graduated from Norman High School, in Norman, Oklahoma in 1983.
Lee graduated from Harvard-Radcliffe College magna cum laude in 1986 before receiving a Rhodes Scholarship to study at University of Oxford where she received a doctorate in medical engineering. She then earned an M.D. with honors from Harvard Medical School and subsequently completed a residency in diagnostic radiology at Duke University and a fellowship in MRI at NYU Medical Center.
In 2006, she completed a Master of Business Administration degree at NYU's Stern School of Business, graduating as valedictorian. She later delivered the commencement speech for the class of 2017.
Maps Vivian Lee
Research in MRI
Funded initially while an MRI fellow and subsequently by the NIH, Lee's initial work developed methods to measure kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and perfusion, noninvasively using ultra-low dose gadolinium-contrast enhanced MRI. These techniques were applied to the improved diagnosis of renovascular disease , renal transplant dysfunction, and renal function in cirrhosis. Extensions of this work include the use of MR methods to measure tissue hypoxia and tubular function.
While a part of the NYU MRI research team, Lee contributed to multiple advances in clinical body MRI, including pioneering 3D (volumetric) liver imaging for routine clinical care and for improved detection of hepatocellular carcinoma, improved methods for assessing vascular disease with 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography and venography, and improved surgical planning for living related transplant donor planning in liver and kidney transplantation.
As the director of Cardiothoracic MR imaging at NYU, Lee developed new MR methods for fast cardiac imaging and for improved detection of myocardial infarcts. Subsequently, Lee's NIH funded research focused on the development of non-contrast-enhanced methods for vascular MR imaging, and functional calf muscle studies that assess exercise-induced "stress-rest" performance in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease.
A popular lecturer who has received multiple teaching awards, Lee authored a textbook entitled Cardiovascular MRI: Physical Principles to Practical Protocols (Lippincott 2006).
Administrative and Leadership roles
NYU Langone Medical Center
During her 5-year tenure as Vice-Chair for Research in Radiology, Lee helped build a research administrative infrastructure that enabled the department, previously unranked in NIH research funding, to reach the top 20. During that time, NYU Langone was also the first U.S. site to install a whole body 7 Tesla MRI scanner. In 2007, Lee became the inaugural Vice Dean for Science, Chief Scientific Officer and Senior Vice-President, serving as a member of NYU's executive leadership team. Initiatives as Chief Scientific Officer included establishing a new philanthropically-funded Neurosciences Institute and a new NIH-funded Center for Translational Science Institute (CTSI), upgrading core facilities, educational initiatives in grantsmanship, and establishment of a new Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics and a new Department of Statistics and Epidemiology. During her four-year tenure, NYU's ranking among NIH-funded schools of medicine increased from #36 to #26, and continued to rise thereafter.
International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)
While at NYU, Lee held a number of leadership positions in the ISMRM, the preeminent professional organization of clinical and research MR scientists. She served on the Board of Trustees from 2002-2010, President 2008-2009, and as Scientific Program Chair for 2005 Annual ISMRM meeting. During her tenure, the ISMRM increased financial reserves, enhanced clinician membership and supported sustainability efforts through new "virtual" meetings.
University of Utah
As CEO of University of Utah Health Care, Lee oversaw an academic health sciences complex that includes five major schools (School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, and colleges of Nursing, Pharmacy and Health) and a health care system comprising four hospitals, dozens of clinical and research specialty centers, a network of 11 Salt Lake City-area health centers, a health plan, and over 1,400 board-certified physician. Under her leadership, the University of Utah established a new School of Dentistry, the first new academic dental school in the nation in over 25 years.
Work at the University of Utah
Lee came to the University of Utah in July 2011 and focused on increased efficiency in health care, translational research that can change medicine, and innovation to spur new technology and medical breakthroughs. During her tenure, the center's budget grew 50 percent to $3.3 billion and now serves an extensive regional affiliation network across the Mountain west. The following additional projects were implemented during her tenure:
- Utah Genome Project: a research program combining genetics research with a vast storehouse of health and genealogical information in the Utah Population Database, advancing the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease based on individual traits and family history. The project has since raised more than $40 million in philanthropic, industrial and federal grant funding.
- Center for Medical Innovation: A University-wide center to bring together innovators from across campus to make breakthroughs in technology that will change the face of medicine.
- Algorithms for Innovation: A unique publication and web site that has sparked a national discussion about the big questions facing academic medicine and the range of creative solutions being proposed.
- Transparency in Health Care: The University of Utah become the first health system in the country to post patient reviews online.
- Value in Health Care: through extensive application of LEAN management principles and a sequestered team of multi-disciplinary experts, the health system developed the Value-Driven Outcomes tool--allowing physicians to interrogate the outcomes of their care pathways, in relation to their costs.
- Building the Future of Academic Medicine: In addition to dedicating two new ambulatory care centers, to serve as clinical training grounds for students, the university secured philanthropic and legislative funding to build a new medical school, on campus ambulatory care center and the Craig H. Neilsen Rehabilitation Hospital.
Controversies at the University of Utah
Utah Genome Project
Early in her tenure at the University of Utah, Lee announced the Utah Genome Project as a cornerstone of the University of Utah's biomedical research strategy. The Utah Genome Project is "a large-scale genome sequence and analysis initiative to discover new disease-causing genes," and is unique among genome initiatives because it uncovers genetic signatures of disease and drug response in large families. The University, one of the few sites selected to conduct large scale mapping for the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project, had previously identified important disease-causing genes such as BRCA1, breast and ovarian cancer gene, APC colon cancer gene, and KCNH2 cardiac arrhythmia gene, among more than 30 others. Among the industry partnerships developed to advance genomic research as part of the Utah Genome Project included Regeneron, Omicia, and Janssen Research and Development.
In September 2014, the University of Utah accepted a controversial $12 million donation from billionaire entrepreneur Patrick Soon-Shiong for the "Chan Soon-Shiong Heritage 1K Project" under the umbrella of Lee's signature Utah Genome Project. The contract governing the tax-deductible gift led to the University paying $10 million of the donation to NantHealth, a company founded by Soon-Shiong, for genetic testing services. On April 25, 2017, Greg Hughes, Speaker of the Utah House of Representatives, stated that the Utah Legislature was considering an investigation into the questionable donation. Stat News reported on May 3, 2017, that the Utah legislative investigation was in its early stages, reviewing documents and conducting interviews about the contract with NantHealth and the donation from Soon-Shiong. State auditors found that "the U of U should have conducted a competitive procurement process. The university believes it did not need to conduct a competitive procurement because it was an allowable exception to the competitive process." The auditors disagreed with the University's position, "Because the request to use his company was not ... a condition of the donation, it did not meet the exception requirements of state [procurement] code." The audit also noted positively that "University scientists have used data generated during the H1K project to obtain $7.6 million in new money and up to $43.7 million in furthered research," leading to the identification of 34 gene mutations in diseases including multiple cancers and other conditions.
Huntsman Cancer Institute
Lee became embroiled in a public controversy when University leadership fired Huntsman Cancer Institute CEO, Dr. Mary Beckerle, on April 17, 2017. Lee and university leadership were publicly criticized for the move by HCI's founder and prime benefactor, billionaire philanthropist Jon Huntsman, Sr. The decision prompted public protests by University of Utah faculty and staff, including an online petition calling for University leadership to reverse the decision and reinstate Beckerle. Jon Huntsman, Sr., publicly called for Lee and University President David W. Pershing to be fired from their leadership positions on April 21, 2017, questioning their ethics and predicting that the governor and state legislature would become involved to ensure their removal. On April 22, 2017, the Editorial Board of the Salt Lake Tribune (a newspaper owned by a member of the Huntsman family) called for Lee's removal as the "only remedy in this case." The University Board of Trustees met with Pershing and Lee on April 25, 2017. Within hours after the meeting, Pershing released a written statement announcing that Beckerle was immediately resuming her service as CEO and Director of Huntsman Cancer Institute and would report directly to the President of the University. Pershing's announcement signaled that Lee would no longer oversee the Huntsman Cancer Institute, raising questions about the future direction of the University Health system. Huntsman stated that a planned donation of $250M dollars would have been withheld unless the university's decision was reversed and Dr. Berkerle reinstated. He also called the university's action, which he attributed to Lee, a "terribly, terribly unethical act." On 28 April, Lee announced via email that, effective the same day, she was stepping down as the university's senior vice president for health sciences, dean of the medical school, and CEO of the healthcare system. She retains her appointment as a tenured professor of radiology. As part of her contract, Lee retained her salary of more than $1 million for one year after resigning her administrative position. After her resignation, local reporters at the Deseret News discovered more details about the dispute over finances with Huntsman Cancer Institute, including demands for substantial increases in financial transfers from the University to the Huntsman Cancer Institute.
Awards and recognition
In her academic career Lee was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University, and received the Chang-Lin Tien Leadership award in 2009. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in October 2015.
Currently, she is on the board of directors at Zions Bank, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, and the American Association of Rhodes Scholars. She is part of the Journal of the American Medical Association Journal Oversight Committee, the National Advisory Committee for the Health Care Delivery System Reform Program of The Commonwealth Fund, the Scientific Advisory Board of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Council of Councils of the National Institutes of Health, and the Administrative Board of the Council of Deans for the Association of American Medical Colleges.
Publications
- Lee VS, Blanchfield, BB, Disentangling Health Care Billing For Patients' Physical and Financial Health. Journal of the American Medical Association Network, February 20, 2018, 319(7):661-663. DOI:10.1001/jama.2017.19966
- Lee VS, Transparency and Trust--Online Patient Reviews of Physicians, New England Journal of Medicine, Perspective, January 19,2017, N Engl J Med 2017; 376:197-199, DOI:10.1056/NEJMp1610136
- Lee VS, Why Doctors Shouldn't Be Afraid of Online Reviews, Harvard Business Review, March 29, 2016
- Lee VS, Miller T, Daniels C, Paine M, Gresh B, Betz L, Creating the Exceptional Patient Experience in One Academic Health System. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, March 2016, Volume 91 - Issue 3 - p 338-344
- Kawamoto K, Martin CJ, Williams K, Tu MC, Park CG, Hunter C, Staes CJ, Bray BE, Deshmukh VG, Holbrook RA, Morris SJ, Fedderson MB, Sletta A, Turnbull J, Mulvihill, SJ, Crabtree GL, Entwistle DE, McKenna QL, Strong MB, Pendleton RC, Lee VS. Value Driven Outcomes (VDO): a Pragmatic, Modular, and Extensible Software Framework for Understanding and Improving Health Care Costs and Outcomes. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Online, Nov 13, 2014
- Lee VS, Redesigning Metrics to Integrate Professionalism Into the Governance of Health Care, JAMA, May 12, 2015, Vol 313, No. 18
- Zhang JL, Morrell G, Rusinek H, Warner L, Vivier P-H, Cheung AK, Lerman L, Lee VS. Measurement of renal tissue oxygenation with Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) MRI and oxygen transit modeling. Am J Physiology - Renal Physiology 2014;306(6):F579 -87
- Sigmund EE, Vivier PH, Sui D, Lamparello N, Mikeev A, Rusinek H, Babb J, Storey P, Lee VS, Chandarana H. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in renal tissue under hydration and furosemide flow challenges. Radiology 2012; 263(3):758-69
- Lee VS, Spritzer CE, Carroll BA, Pool LG, Bernstein MA, Heinle SK, MacFall JR. Flow quantification using fast cine phase-contrast (PC) MR imaging, conventionalcine PC MR imaging, and Doppler sonography: in vitro and in vivo validation. AJR 1997; 169:1125-1131.
- Lee VS, Lavelle MT, Rofsky NM, Laub G, Thomasson D, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Hepatic MR imaging with a dynamic contrast-enhanced isotropic volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination: Feasibility, reproducibility, and technical quality. Radiology2000; 215:365-372.
- Lee VS, Resnick D, Bundy JM, Simonetti OP, Lee P, Weinreb JC. Cardiac function: MR evaluation in one breath hold with real-time true fast imaging with steady-state precession. Radiology 2002; 222:835-842.
- Pandharipande PV, Krinsky GA, Rusinek H, Lee VS. Perfusion imaging of the liver: Current challenges and future goals. Radiology 2005; 234(3): 661-673.
- Lee VS, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Huang AJ, Oesingmann N, Chen Q, Kaur M, Prince K, Song T, Kramer EL, Leonard EF. Renal function measurements from MR renography and amulticompartmental model. Am J Physiology--Renal Physiol 2007; 292;F1548-1559.
- Miyazaki M, Lee VS. Non-enhanced MR angiography: State-of-the-Art. Radiology, 2008:248(1):20-43.
References
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